Tag Archives: Elon Musk

Tesla Model 3: Specs, prices and release

Electric saloon – company’s cheapest car yet – is set to be packed with driverless tech

Tesla chief executive Elon Musk has confirmed that the upcoming Model 3 saloon will not include a traditional speedometer.

He tweeted the news after fans quizzed him on the subject.

Musk’s argument for the lack of speedometer is that buyers “won’t care” about its absence, although he later confirmed the car’s “centre screen will show speed as an overlay that changes opacity according to relevance”.

He also likened the driverless Model 3 to a taxi, BGR reports, saying that “the more autonomous a car is, the less dash info you need”.

Fans were given a brief glimpse at the Model 3’s interior during its launch at the beginning of last year, when they saw a minimalistic dashboard with a large centralised touchscreen display at the top of the centre console.

Tesla’s affordable mass-market car also set to include a host of autonomous driving modes that will be upgraded through an over-the-air update programme, allowing the company to add software and firmware features after the vehicle has left the showroom.

Continue reading Tesla Model 3: Specs, prices and release

With a Hyperloop Test Track, Elon Musk Takes on the Critical Heavy Lifting

The Hyperloop is coming to Texas. That’s the word from Elon Musk, who unveiled his idea for the revolutionary transit system 18 months ago, and yesterday tweeted his plans to build a test track for companies and student teams working to make the idea a reality.

In August 2013, the Tesla Motors and SpaceX CEO gave the world a 57-page alpha white paper, explaining his vision of how the transit system, which would shoot pods full of people around the country in above-ground tubes at 800 mph.

Musk stuck to his standard announcement system—drop big news, keep quiet on details—so we don’t know much about what he’s got in mind, when it would happen, how much it would cost, who would pay for it, or why, exactly, he wants to do it. (On that last one, we suspect the answer is because this thing is a damn awesome idea and he doesn’t want to miss out.)

If Musk does in fact build a test track, in Texas or elsewhere, it would be a huge help to the company that’s made more progress than anyone toward making the Hyperloop happen. The track isn’t the part of this endeavor that’s hard to engineer. “It’s a couple of tubes and a vacuum pump,” says Dirk Ahlborn, CEO of JumpStartFund, an El Segunda, California-based startup that is taking Musk up on his challenge to develop and build the Hyperloop. But, like most chunks of infrastructure, even in prototype sizes, it’s expensive.

hyperloop-new-ft

If Musk pays for it—hey, the guy’s worth $7.5 billion—it’s a major item JumpStartFund can stop worrying about. “We’ll be able to act faster because that big problem is solved,” Ahlborn says.

He hasn’t done the math on how much a test track would cost or how long it would take to build, but imagines it would be a simple affair, since it’s just for testing purposes. It would have one tube instead of the two planned for the commercial version (one for each direction), and would be kept low to the ground.

JumpStartFund brought together a group of about 100 engineers all over the country who spend their free time spitballing ideas in exchange for stock options, and have day jobs at companies like Boeing, NASA, Yahoo!, and Airbus.

They and a group of 25 students at UCLA’s graduate architecture program are working on a wide array of issues, including route planning, capsule design, and cost analysis.

“It’s hugely feasible” to build a working Hyperloop, says Professor Craig Hodgetts, who’s leading the UCLA team. Besides land acquisition and political concerns, the big concerns are creating a capsule system that feels comfortable and safe for passengers, and how to design a station to accommodate a continuous stream of pods coming and going—the Hyperloop will work more like a ski lift than a railroad.

All that will take time to figure out, Hodgetts says, and if Musk gets busy building track while the JumpStartFund and UCLA folks put together everything else, it could drastically cut down the time the project would take. “It’s just like having a bunch of supercomputers side by side.”

This Is What Commercial Aircraft Might Look Like In 2050

FuturePlane7

The aircraft industry is expecting a seven-fold increase in air traffic by 2050, and a four-fold increase in greenhouse gas emissions unless fundamental changes are made.

FuturePlane5

But just how “fundamental” will those changes need to be and what will be their effect on the aircraft we use?

The crucial next step towards ensuring the aircraft industry becomes greener is the full electrification of commercial aircraft. That’s zero CO2 and NOx emissions, with energy sourced from power stations that are themselves sustainably fuelled.

 

The main technological barrier that must be overcome is the energy density of batteries, a measure of how much power can be generated from a battery of a certain weight.

FuturePlane11

Tesla CEO Elon Musk has said that once batteries are capable of producing 400 Watt-hours per kilogram, with a ratio of power cell to overall mass of between 0.7-0.8, an electrical transcontinental aircraft becomes “compelling”.

Given that practical lithium-ion batteries were capable of achieving energy-densities of 113Wh/kg in 1994, 202Wh/kg in 2004, and are now capable of approximately 300Wh/kg, it’s reasonable to assume that they will hit 400Wh/kg in the coming decade.

Another aspect is the exponential fall in the cost of solar panels, which have already become the cheapest form of power in most US states.

FuturePlane9

The expected 70% reduction in cost of lithium-ion batteries by 2025, and the rapid rise seen in the cost of kerosene-based jet fuel means that there will be a large and growing disparity in the costs of running aircraft that will greatly favour electrification.

As is often the case, the reasons that will slow transition are not technological, but are rooted in the economic and political inertia against overturning the status-quo.

FuturePlane1

Biofuels while we wait

Considering the average service-life of passenger and freight aircraft are around 21 and 33 years respectively, even if all new aircraft manufactured from tomorrow were fully electric, the transition away from fossil-fuelled aircraft would take two to three decades.

In the meantime, biofuel offers carbon emissions reductions of between 36-85%, with the variability depending on the type of land used to grow the fuel crops.

FuturePlane6

As switching from one fuel to another is relatively straightforward, this is a low-hanging fruit worth pursuing before completely phasing out combustion engines.

Even though a biofuel-kerosene jet fuel blend was certified in 2009, the aircraft industry is in no hurry to implement change. There are minor technological hurdles and issues around scaling up biofuel production to industrial levels, but the main constraint is price – parity with fossil fuels is still ten years away.

FuturePlane3

The adoption of any new aircraft technology – from research, to design sketches, to testing and full integration – is typically a decade-long process.

Given that the combustion engine will be phased out by mid-century, it would seem to make more economic and environmental sense to innovate in other areas: airframe design, materials research, electric propulsion design and air traffic control.

Chopping the tail

Once electric aircraft are established, the next step will be to integrate a gimballed propulsion system, one that can provide thrust in any direction. This will remove the need for the elevators, rudders, and tailplane control surfaces that current designs require, but which add significant mass and drag.

FuturePlane4Ash Dove-Jay, University of BristolThe skeleton of a new generation wing, making the best of wind-tunnel experiments.

The wings we are already designing are near their peak in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, but they still do no justice to what nature has achieved in birds.

FuturePlane10

Aircraft design templates are a century old – constrained by the limitations of the day then, but technology has since moved on. We no longer need to build wings as rigid structures with discrete control surfaces, but can turn to the natural world for inspiration. As Richard Feynman said:

I think nature’s imagination is so much greater than man’s, she’s never going to let us relax.

PETER THIEL: Uber Is ‘The Most Ethically Challenged Company In Silicon Valley’

peter thiel

In a rather truncated, but still insightful interview with Alexia Tsotsis at TechCrunch Disrupt 2014 this year, legendary Silicon Valley investor Peter Thiel spoke about many things he has become famous (or infamous) for, including anti-aging research, the HBO show “Silicon Valley” and his opinions on education.

When someone becomes such a cult of personality that TV shows start creating comedic, fictionalized versions of them–as HBO did with Thiel on “Silicon Valley” with its character “Peter Gregory”–you find yourself simply writing down their quotes as they speak.

Here are some of the more interesting things I caught while at the interview.

About HBO’s “Silicon Valley”: “It’s a Good Show.” Thiel said he is flattered by the character played by deceased actor Christopher Evan Welch, on the show. In one scene Thiel–excuse me, Gregory— gives a lecture on why young people shouldn’t go to college.

“I’m skeptical of a lot of what falls under the rubric of education…. People are on these tracks. They are getting these credentials and it’s very unclear how viable they are in many cases.

 It wouldn’t be a Peter Thiel interview if he didn’t express concerns about the American education system. This one was no different. Thiel said his “fundamental” view on this is that there is no “one size fits all” education for every person.

Ironically, when asked what he might have been had he not gone into investing, Thiel said he might have been a teacher.

“Anti-aging is an extremely under-explored field.” The discussion about “atoms and bits” mixed into a brief mention of the growing field of anti-aging. It was obvious through his brief comments that he thinks this area, which Google is already exploring, has tremendous potential.

Thiel agreed when Tsotsis asked if he thought someone alive today would live to be 2,000 years old, but when she asked if he thought he would live that long, he said he was “too superstitious” to say.

“I’m short on New York, long on Silicon Valley.” Thiel talked for a few minutes about the investment dynamics in both New York and San Francisco.

While he feels great about the Big Apple’s ongoing growth in tech, he feels the Bay Area is the true center of the tech world and will stay that way. Silicon Valley, to his mind, will be “the center of the U.S. Economy” through the next two decades.

Re: Silicon Valley: “We’re better than the rest of the country but we shouldn’t believe it too much.” Thiel admonished Valley entrepreneurs who get too cocky or smug about their success.

He said that only hard work and continuing innovation in the next 10-20 years can ensure the Valley keeps its position as the center of tech on Earth. He also mentioned that the next 10-20 years could be more about connecting “the world of atoms and bits” through biotech, self-driving cars and others.

Uber is “way more” evil than Google: In a discussion about the fierce competition between Uber and Lyft, Thiel, referenced the oft-criticized business practices of Uber.

He prefaced his comments by noting he is an investor in Lyft, and said Uber is “the most ethically challenged company in Silicon Valley.”

“Great investments may look crazy but really may not be.” That’s the lesson Thiel took from considering investment in Elon Musk’s SpaceX in 2008. He said some investors thought it might look like too crazy an idea to invest in, but in retrospect, wasn’t.

Thiel and his Founders Fund did make the investment. He cited the fact that the rockets worked well even then as well as a big NASA contract as indications that the company was headed on the right track.

Festivals are becoming the national pastime for America’s millennials

Burning Man Nevada Millennials Festivals
Burning Man attracts a lot of millennials. And plenty of Generation X, too.

An estimated 70,000 people (many of them, well-paid technology executives, apparently) have gathered this week in the Nevada desert for the annual festival of hedonism and weirdness known as Burning Man. 

This year, the event is arguably gaining more attention than usual, amid claims it is being ruined by rich people.

We’ll leave that debate aside, but the fact that Burning Man has become part of the national conversation, in certain circles at least, reflects an important behavioral shift in America: festivals are booming, as both a business and an activity.

This is particularly so among the increasingly important millennial age cohort. 

According to research and surveys conducted by Eventbrite, an online ticketing company, a staggering one in five millennials attended a music festival in the past year.

In a new study, the company claims that music festivals have become “one of young Americans’ favorite pastimes.”

The study, which analyzed 20 million social media conversations across Facebook, Twitter, and other online forums spanning the past 12 months, found that South by Southwest was the most-discussed festival.

The Coachella music and arts festival ranks fifth and Bonnaroo is 10th. EDM (electronic dance music), which is absolutely booming in the US currently, accounted for eight of the top 25 most-discussed festivals, the highest being Tomorrowland (in third place.)

The boom in music festivals is great news for musicians, amid a shift among consumers away from music ownership (in both physical and digital form) to on-demand streaming platforms.

And it echoes an increased desire among consumers (again, particularly millennials, sometimes described as the experience generation) to spend money on experiences rather than things.

Burning Man, which has a music component but isn’t really about music at all, ranked 16th in the Eventbrite study. If this really is a watershed year for the event, in a bad way, then maybe millennials are actually to blame. 

While Gen X-ers like tech luminaries Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos and Larry Page have been attending Burning Man for years, the New York Times columnist Nick Bilton recently claimed that “a new set of younger rich techies are heading east, including Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook, employees from Twitter, Zynga and Uber.

” They’re setting off a “secret game of I-can-spend-more-money-than-you-can and, some say, ruining it for everyone else” he writes.

SpaceX Rocket Explodes After Launch

SpaceX explosion

A SpaceX Falcon 9R rocket exploded shortly after launching during a test flight in Texas, the company confirmed Friday.

A SpaceX Falcon 9R rocket exploded shortly after launching during a test flight in Texas, the company confirmed Friday.

KXXV-TV anchor Bruce Gietzen reported there were no injuries. The rocket, which was unmanned, was launched from the SpaceX rocket-development facility in McGregor, Texas.

View image on Twitter

“During the flight, an anomaly was detected in the vehicle and the flight termination system automatically terminated the mission,” John Taylor, a SpaceX spokesperson, told Business Insider in an email.

“Today’s test was particularly complex, pushing the limits of the vehicle further than any previous test. As is our practice, the company will be reviewing the flight record details to learn more about the performance of the vehicle prior to our next test.”

View image on Twitter

The Falcon 9R is the replacement to the company’s retired Grasshopper rocket. According to The Verge, the 9R is designed to launch and deliver payloads, and return to Earth to be reused. After a successful launch and return of a 9R in May, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk told NBC News this type of rocket could make spaceflight 100 times cheaper.

SpaceX provided the following statement to Business Insider:

Earlier today, in McGregor, Texas, SpaceX conducted a test flight of a three engine version of the F9R test vehicle (successor to Grasshopper). During the flight, an anomaly was detected in the vehicle and the flight termination system automatically terminated the mission.

Throughout the test and subsequent flight termination, the vehicle remained in the designated flight area. There were no injuries or near injuries. An FAA representative was present at all times.  

With research and development projects, detecting vehicle anomalies during the testing is the purpose of the program. Today’s test was particularly complex,  pushing the limits of the vehicle further than any previous test.  As is our practice, the company will be reviewing the flight record details to learn more about the performance of the vehicle prior to our next test.

SpaceX will provide another update when the flight data has been fully analyzed.

Tesla extends drive train warranty to “infinite miles”

All existing and future Model S vehicles produced by Tesla Motors will now carry an eight-year, infinite-mile warranty on the battery pack and drive train. The change extends the drive-train warranty from 50,000 miles and four years to match that of the battery.

“In hindsight, this should have been our policy from the beginning of the Model S program,” CEO Elon Musk wrote in a blog post. “If we truly believe that electric motors are fundamentally more reliable than gasoline engines, with far fewer moving parts and no oily residue or combustion byproducts to gum up the works, then our warranty policy should reflect that.”

Consumer Reports, which last year gave a glowing review of the Model S with a score of 99 out of 100, noted some problems with the car during its recent testing, including issues with its door handles, center screen, seat belts, and trunk.

Musk warned investors this warranty change will likely have a negative impact on Tesla’s bottom line in the short term. “However, by doing the right thing for Tesla vehicle owners at this early stage of our company, I am confident that it will work out well in the long term,” he said.

Tesla Motors opens door to electric vehicles’ technology secrets

Tesla Motors Inc. Roadster electric sports vehicles are charged at the automakers showroom in San Jose, California, U.S., on Thursday, June 2, 2011. Tesla Motors Inc., maker of electric Roadster sports cars, plans to begin selling the Model X, a rechargeable crossover utility vehicle, in late 2013 as it expands its lineup of battery-powered autos. Photographer: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg

Electric carmaker Tesla Motors has taken the unprecedented step of opening its technology secrets to its rivals as chief executive Elon Musk attempts to boost interest in the low-emission vehicles.

Tesla, which has defied larger carmakers by making money out of its luxury electric vehicles, will allow competitors to use its patents in a gamble that it hopes will bring down industry costs and open new business opportunities.

“We believe that Tesla, other companies making electric cars, and the world would all benefit from a common, rapidly evolving technology platform,” Mr Musk said. “Tesla will not initiate patent lawsuits against anyone who, in good faith, wants to use our technology.”

The decision is characteristic of billionaire entrepreneur Mr Musk, who has a record of outlandish ideas and has stirred up the space industry with promises of reusable rockets and plans to colonise Mars.

Mr Musk has long stressed that his primary goal of widespread electric-car usage is more important to him than Tesla’s ultimate success. In offering its patents to rivals, he also hopes to create a larger market for electric cars, which would bring down the cost of the company’s charging infrastructure.

Tesla, which sold 22,500 cars last year, has seen its market capitalisation more than double over the past 12 months to $25bn, as investors bought into bullish growth predictions and high profit margins as volumes rise.

Tesla’s rise from technology start-up to car-industry darling has been rapid, but investors and industry experts reckon its long-term future depends on whether it can manufacture a successful low-priced, mass-market model.

Mr Musk has promised an electric car costing less than $35,000 within the next three years, a target that would require a sharp reduction in battery costs.

The company is also building a factory with the capacity to build 500,000 batteries a year, far more than it currently needs. Other groups using its technology could choose to source batteries from Tesla.
Tesla, based in Palo Alto, California, has worked with other carmakers in the past to help them develop electric cars, and has supplied batteries to Toyota and Mercedes-Benz’s owner Daimler. Both are shareholders in Mr Musk’s company.

Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk to unveil 720 mph ‘Hyperloop’ designs today

Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk to unveil 720 mph ‘Hyperloop’ designs today

Real-life “Iron Man” CEO Elon Musk, who has conquered space travel and pollution-free land vehicles, will reveal designs for a mysterious 720 miles-per-hour “hyperloop” transportation system today. He’s previously called the system a cross between a “Concorde, a railgun, and an air hockey table.”

The Hyperloop is likely a closed-tube transport system not unlike the pneumatic delivery systems found in some old buildings, which use a pulse of air to move a capsule and cargo to a designated location. Based on what he has revealed to date, however, it would likely use magnetic induction for propulsion — the railgun comment — and would not operate in a complete vacuum. The system would move a passenger between LA and San Francisco in just 30 minutes.

During electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla’s conference call on Thursday last week, Musk promised to unveil plans for the Hyperloop this week. But he also said that someone else will have to step up and actually create the system.

“I think I kind of shot myself in the foot by ever mentioning the Hyperloop,” he said. “I don’t have any plans to execute because I must remain focused on SpaceX and Tesla.”

He plans to unveil designs for the Hyperloop today and to make them open source so others can improve them and use them.

“I did commit to publishing a design — provide quite a detailed design I think — on Monday, and then invite critical feedback and see if people could find ways to improve it,” Musk said on the call.

Tesla itself will not be involved in the Hyperloop, at least not initially, Musk told financial analysts and the press. The company — and Musk himself — simply have too much to focus on already. However, if no one picks up the project, it sounds like both Musk and Tesla might rethink that plan.

“If nothing happens for a few years, maybe it could make sense to take a halfway path with Tesla involvement,” Musk said.

Musk’s Hyperloop sounds very much like an idea promoted by Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies, or ET3, which theoretically would enable not just city-to-city transportation but also country to country, and even continent to continent, whisking passengers from New York to Beijing in just two hours at speeds of 4,000 mph.

Elon Musk Is About To Launch The Heaviest Rocket In Existence — And Yes, It Can Reach Mars

falcon heavy spacex

Later this year, Elon Musk‘s private rocket company, SpaceX, will launch a test flight of what it claims is the most massive rocket in existence: the Falcon Heavy. It looks a little like SpaceX’s standard rocket, the Falcon 9, with two other Falcons strapped to its sides.

Put another way, this one ship is the equivalent of 15 Boeing 747s tied together and running at full power.

Only one other rocket has been heavier than the Falcon Heavy will be, SpaceX claims. That was NASA’s Saturn V ship, which carried the Apollo and Skylab missions into space from 1966 until 1973.

Falcon Heavy, however, is equipped to go to Mars, SpaceX says:

Falcon heavyIt has a “Low Earth Orbit” payload of 53,000 kg (116,845 pounds), and could carry 13,200 kg to Mars on its 27 Merlin engines. “Falcon Heavy can lift the equivalent of a fully loaded 737 jetliner — complete with passengers, luggage and fuel — to orbit,” SpaceX says. (Here’s a theoretical video of the rocket in action.)Here’s what it looks like next to the world’s other biggest rockets. It’s both heavier and bigger than all of them: 

SpaceX Falcon heavy

Saturn V, not shown here, could lift 118,000 kg (260,000 pounds) into low-Earth orbit.

Before the Falcon Heavy lifts off from Vandenberg Air Force Base, however, there will be a curtain-raiser. The regular Falcon 9 will lift off to the International Space Station on March 16.

Here’s a Falcon 9. You can see how big it is next to those puny humans:

SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Photo Credit SpaceX Posted on AmericaSpace
This is what Falcon Heavy will look like after launch.

Falcon Heavy SpaceX

And here is the Saturn V before lift-off, more than 40 years ago, on the Apollo 17 mission to the moon: 

Apollo 17 Saturn V

Elon Musk On ‘Thumbing’ Space Rides From The Russians

Quoted: Elon Musk on 'thumbing' space rides from the Russians

 “Being at Putin’s mercy is not a good place to be so we want to have restored the American ability to transport astronauts to the space station, maybe beyond, someday and do so as soon as possible… it’s just kind of embarrassing that the United States has to thumb rides from the Russians.”

— Elon Musk, SpaceX CEO, talked Tuesday to Bloomberg TV, ahead of his testimony today before a Senate Appropriations subcommittee hearing about national security space launch programs. Rocket maker SpaceX is working to commercialize space travel, and is one of the private companies working with the U.S. government on such missions as bringing cargo to the International Space Station. Musk’s words are familar; they echo sentiments he has expressed in the past about SpaceX’s goals and motivations. As we wrote a couple of years ago, he said what prompted him to start SpaceX was a feeling of “dismay” that space exploration was going “backwards.”

Tesla Motors far exceeds sales forecast for 4th quarter

PALO ALTO, CA - NOVEMBER 05:  A Tesla Model S car is displayed at a Tesla showroom on November 5, 2013 in Palo Alto, California. Tesla will report third quarter earnings today after the closing bell.  (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images) Photo: Justin Sullivan, Getty Images

Tesla Motors blew past its own production forecast in the fourth quarter, building and delivering roughly 15 percent more cars than expected.

The maker of luxury electric cars reported Tuesday that it sold and delivered almost 6,900 vehicles in the waning months of 2013, well above its forecast of 6,000.

Admittedly, that forecast might have been a bit low. Production at Tesla’s Fremont factory has been ramping up fast, and the company delivered 5,500 of its Model S sedans in the third quarter.

Monday’s announcement brings the Palo Alto company’s delivery total to 22,400 cars for the year. And bear in mind the company started building the Model S only midway through 2012. Increasing production without sacrificing quality was the company’s key focus last year.

The timing of the announcement appeared designed to calm investors after reports surfaced Tuesday that Tesla had recalled more than 29,000 of its cars, reports the company and CEO Elon Musk quickly labeled false.

The company reported last week that it had issued an over-the-air update to its cars to prevent the Universal Mobile Connector (UMC) NEMA 14-50 adapter from overheating while the car recharges.

A notice posted Monday on the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration website said that Tesla would recall up to 29,222 cars with those adapters.

The same notice, however, went on to say that Tesla would simply issue a software upgrade and mail new adapters to customers to solve the problem, rather than bringing cars to Tesla service stations.

Musk insisted Tuesday that the company was not recalling the Model S. “No Tesla vehicles are being physically recalled by Tesla,” he wrote on Twitter. “The word ‘recall’ needs to be recalled.”

Tesla investors seemed satisfied with the explanation, as well as the production news. The company’s stock closed up nearly 16 percent at $161.27 per share.

Everything you ever wanted to know about Elon Musk’s Hyperloop super train

Everything you ever wanted to know about Elon Musk’s Hyperloop super train Inventor, philanthropist, billionaire, and titan of industry Elon Musk unveiled a 57-page plan yesterday for a super-speed train that would take passengers between LA and San Francisco in just 30 minutes. The basic Hyperloop concept in a nutshell:

  • People-carrying capsules running through a long metal tube
  • 28-person capacity
  • 40 total capsules in activity at rush hour
  • Almost a cross between the pneumatic tube delivery systems in old buildings and a Japanese bullet train
  • Capsules float on cushions of air like hockey pucks
  • Tube is elevated on 25,000 concrete pylons

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The Hyperloop’s speed and initial routes:

  • Up to 760 miles per hour, or Mach .91 at the tube’s air pressure
  • Slowing to 300 mph for turns
  • Compares to most airplanes’ speed of 550 mph
  • At Hyperloop speeds, travel time from L.A. to San Francisco is 30 minutes
  • Additional cities to be added later: San Diego, Sacramento, and Fresno

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Costs:

  • Passenger capsules: $1.3 million each
  • Car and cargo capsules: $1.5 million each
  • Stations: $125 million each
  • Tube, pillars, and stations: $4 billion, or $5.31 billion for a larger tube with higher capacity
  • Total cost: $6.1 billion
  • Comparison: the proposed California High Speed Rail project is estimated at $68.4 billion

Air, pressure, and pumping:

  • Atmospheric pressure inside the tube: 17 percent of the pressure of Mars, which is already only 1 percent of Earth at sea level
  • Equivalent to the air pressure on earth at 150,000 feet, four times higher than most airplanes fly
  • There’s still too much pressure against the capsules, so each capsule pumps air from the front to the back via a compressor — and uses some of it to float on like a hockey puck

Power:

  • All power is provided by solar panels on the top of the 381-mile-long tube
  • Energy cost per passenger: less than 100 megajoules (about 3/4 of a gallon of gas)
  • Energy cost per car in cargo capsules: about 220 megajoules
  • Per-passenger comparisons: car (800 MJ), motorcycle (900MJ), airplane (1100 MJ)

Screen Shot 2013-08-13 at 8.30.22 AM

Ticket prices and round-trip travel times:

  • Hyperloop: $40 round-trip
    1 hour 10 minutes total travel time
  • Airplane: $158 round-trip
    2 hours 30 minutes total travel time
  • Car: $115 round-trip (gas only)
    11 hours total travel time
  • Proposed California High Speed Rail: $210 round-trip
    5 hours total travel time

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Safety and reliability

  • Capsules always connected via radio with station operators
  • Redundant power supplies on-board
  • Backup mechanical braking mechanism in case electrical motors fail
  • Oxygen masks for passengers deploy in case of depressurization
  • Tube can be rapidly re-pressurized if needed
  • Tube built with flexibility to withstand earthquakes

Motors

  • Motors are in the tubes, not the capsules
  • Hyperloop uses linear induction electric motors, similar to those in the Tesla
  • The linear induction motor works via electromagnetism
  • Motors are only required for about one percent of the tube: initial speed-up and quick top-ups every 70 miles
  • Most of the time, capsules simply coast